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Swedish net exports are largely made up of goods that have been produced abroad
17/01/2018 -The authors of a new staff memo show that Sweden's current account surplus is no longer due to the traditional trade in goods. Instead, it is what is known as merchanting, the trade margin that arises between the purchase price and the sale...
A central bank can conduct an effective monetary policy with low equity
12/12/2022 -Neither weak financial results nor low equity limit the short-term prospects of monetary policy. Central banks, unlike private banks and other commercial activities, are not at risk of bankruptcy and can normally generate the resources they need...
The negative policy rate – how has it affected market rates?
22/01/2019 -The negative policy rate has had a strong pass-through to bond market yields and lending rates to firms. Lending rates to households have also fallen, although the initial pass-through was weaker. To sum up, negative policy rates have contributed...
A newly developed approach to stress testing banks’ credit losses from corporate lending
14/11/2022 -Stress tests are important when assessing the resilience of Swedish banks to different scenarios in which economic conditions deteriorate. A new Staff Memo describes a newly developed approach to stress testing banks' credit losses from...
High and rising financial vulnerabilities can have an impact on future economic growth
07/06/2022 -High and rapidly rising financial risks and vulnerabilities pose a greater risk of strongly negative economic growth in the future. This is illustrated by the Riksbank’s latest analysis of the Growth-at-Risk (GaR) risk measure. The Staff Memo “...
Slowdown in foreign trade worrying for Swedish economy
22/05/2020 -Global trade has increased rapidly since the early 1990s, thanks to technological developments and increasingly liberal trade regulations. But, after the great recession of 2008–2009, this development has come to a halt. A return to a global...
Does inflation rise when the policy rate is raised?
12/01/2024 -Although there is broad consensus that inflation falls when the central bank raises its policy rate, there are mechanisms and channels that may lead to the opposite effect. For example, interest rates also represent a cost for households and...
No significant increase in financially vulnerable firms during the first year of the pandemic
28/10/2021 -The total number of financially vulnerable firms did not increase significantly during the first year of the pandemic compared to 2019. This is shown in a new study by Cristina Cella of the Riksbank's Financial Stability Department. However,...
Difficult to compare consumer price indices between countries
24/01/2020 -Consumer price indices and inflation rates can vary between different countries, due in part to data being collected and processed in different ways. This is important to bear in mind when comparing measurements of consumer prices in different...
Drivers and implications of the strong growth in consumption loans
15/01/2018 -Over the last year, the growth rate of consumption loans has increased sharply, from less than 3 per cent per year in mid-2016 to above 8 per cent in recent months. This development may increase the vulnerability of households to disturbances in...