Most payments today are made with private money held in bank accounts. This money is a claim on the bank. For example, receiving a salary, paying a bill or paying by card or Swish records transactions that change the balances of various bank accounts. The banks create money in bank accounts by issuing loans to companies and individuals or buying assets, such as securities. When a loan is granted, the bank creates new money that is then used for payments – businesses pay their employees and suppliers, who in turn pay for their purchases of goods and services. In this way, money circulates continuously in the economy. However, creating money by issuing loans carries risks, which is why the banks are highly regulated. If a bank gets into trouble, there is also a government deposit insurance for the money in its customers' bank accounts.^[99] Under the Swedish deposit guarantee scheme, the government reimburses savers up to SEK 1,150,000 per person and institution if the bank or institution goes bankrupt. See How the deposit insurance works (Swedish National Debt Office), retrieved 19-01-2026.